不動産の定義
日本の不動産登記法第2条第1項によると、不動産とは土地と建物をいう。
Registrable Rights, etc.
According to article 3 of the Real Property Registration Act of Japan, a registration shall be made with regard to a description(表示 hyouji) of real property or with regard to the preservation, etc.(権利の保存等 kenri-no-hozon-tou) of the following rights relating to real property:
- an ownership(所有権 syoyūken);
- a superficies(地上権 chijouken);
- a farming right(永小作権 eikosakuken);
- a servitude(地役権 chiekiken);
- a statutory lien(先取特権 sakidoritokken);
- a pledge(質権 shichiken);
- a mortgage(抵当権 teitouken) and a revolving mortgage(根抵当権 neteitouken);
- a right of lease(賃借権 chinsyakuken); and
- a right of quarrying(採石権 saisekiken).
The “preservation, etc.” means the preservation(保存 hozon), establishment(設定 settei), transfer(移転 iten), change(変更 henkou), restriction on disposition(処分の制限 syobun-no-seigen), or extinction(消滅 syoumetsu) of a right.
Unregistrable Rights
Under the Real Property Registration Act of Japan, the following rights shall not be registrable:
- a possessory right(占有権 senyūken)
- a right of retention(留置権 ryūchiken)
- a right of common(入会権 iriaiken)