酒類とは

酒類の定義

日本の酒税法による定義

「酒類」とは、温度15度の時においてアルコール分１度以上の飲料をいう（酒税法2条1項、3条1号）。

酒類の分類

日本の酒税法による分類

発泡性酒類
- ビール
- 発泡酒
- その他の発泡性酒類
醸造酒類
- 清酒
- 果実酒
- その他の醸造酒
蒸留酒類
- 連続式蒸留焼酎
- 単式蒸留焼酎
- ウイスキー
- ブランデー
- 原料用アルコール
- スピリッツ
混成酒類
- 合成清酒
- みりん
- 甘味果実酒
- リキュール
- 粉末酒
- 雑酒

製造方法による分類

醸造酒
- 単発酵酒
- 複発酵酒
  - 単行複発酵酒
  - 並行複発酵酒
蒸留酒
混成酒（再製酒）

原料による分類

穀物(Grains)

穀物(Grains)	発酵酒(Fermented beverage)	蒸留酒(Distilled beverage)
大麦 (Barley)	ビール(beer) バーレーワイン（バーレイワイン）(barley wine)	ジン(gin) (Scotch whisky) (Irish whiskey) (jenever) (ginebra) shōchū (mugijōchū) ソジュ（韓国焼酎）(soju) 白酒(baijiu)…中国酒
蕎麦 (Buckwheat)		蕎麦ウイスキー（そばウイスキー）(buckwheat whisky) 蕎麦焼酎（そば焼酎）(sobajōchū)
トウモロコシ (Corn)	チチャ(chicha) トウモロコシビール（コーンビール）(corn beer) テスグイノ(tesguino)	バーボン・ウイスキー(bourbon whiskey) 密造酒(moonshine) ウォッカ(vodka)
雑穀 (Millet)	millet beer (Sub-Saharan Africa), tongba (Nepal), boza (the Balkans, Turkey)
米 (Rice)	beer, brem (Indonesia), ruou gao (Vietnam), tuak (Borneo Island), sato (Thailand), huangjiu and choujiu (China), sake (Japan), makgeolli and cheongju (Korea), sonti (India), thwon (Nepal)	aila (Nepal), rice baijiu (China), shōchū (komejōchū) and awamori (Japan), soju (Korea), hkaung rai (ခေါင်ရည်) (Myanmar), arrack (Indonesia), lao khao (Thailand)
ライ麦 (Rye)	ライ・ビール(rye beer) クヴァス（クヴァース、クワス）(kvass)	ライ・ウイスキー(rye whiskey) ウォッカ(vodka) (korn)
モロコシ属 (Sorghum)	burukutu (Nigeria), pito (Ghana), merisa (southern Sudan), bilibili (Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon)	Maotai, Kaoliang liquor, certain other types of baijiu (China).
小麦 (Wheat)	白ビール（小麦ビール）(wheat beer)	(horilka) ウォッカ(vodka) (wheat whiskey) (weizenkorn) ソジュ（韓国焼酎）(soju)

果汁(Fruit juice)

果汁(Fruit juice)	発酵酒(Fermented beverage)	蒸留酒(Distilled beverage)
Apples	cider (U.S.: “hard cider”), apfelwein	jabukovača (Serbia), applejack (or apple brandy), calvados, cider
Apricots		kajsijevača (Serbia), kaisieva rakia (Bulgaria), pálinka (Hungary)
Bananas or plantains	chuoi hot (Vietnam), cauim (Kuna Indians of Panama), urgwagwa (Uganda, Rwanda), mbege (with millet malt; Tanzania), kasikisi (with sorghum malt; Democratic Republic of the Congo)	majmunovača (Balkans)
Blueberries		Borovnica (Croatia)
Cashew		feni (India)
Cherries	cherry wine (Denmark)	Kirsch (Germany, Switzerland)
Coconut or palm	Toddy (Sri Lanka, India)	arrack, lambanog (Sri Lanka, India, Philippines)
Gouqi	gouqi jiu (China)	gouqi jiu (China)
Ginger with sugar, ginger with raisins	ginger ale, ginger beer, ginger wine
Grapes	wine	brandy, cognac (France), vermouth, armagnac (France), branntwein (Germany), pisco (Peru, Chile, Grozdova), Rakija (The Balkans, Turkey), singani (Bolivia), arak (Syria, Lebanon, Jordan), törkölypálinka (Hungary)
Juniper berries		jenever (Netherlands/Belgium), borovička (Slovakia)
桑の実（マルベリー、ミュール）(Mulberry)		oghi (Armenia)
Myrica rubra	yangmei jiu (China)	yangmei jiu (China)
Pears	perry, or pear cider; poiré (France)	Kruškovac (Croatia), viljamovka (Serbia), Poire Williams, pear brandy, eau-de-vie (France), pálinka (Hungary), krushova rakia / krushevitsa (Bulgaria)
Pineapples	tepache (Mexico), Pineapple Wine (Hawaii)
Plums	plum wine, plum jerkum	šljivovica (Croatia) スリヴォヴィッツ(slivovitz) țuică, umeshu (Japan), pálinka, slivova rakia / slivovitsa (Bulgaria)
ポマース(Pomace)	pomace wine	raki/ouzo/pastis/sambuca (Turkey/Greece/France/Italy), tsipouro/tsikoudia (Greece), grappa (Italy/Argentina/Uruguay), trester (Germany), marc (France), orujo (Spain), zivania (Cyprus), bagaço (Portugal), tescovină (Romania), arak (Iran)
Pomegranate	pomegranate wine (Armenia)
Quinces		dunjevača (Serbia)
Raspberries	raspberry wine^[2] (US, Canada)	Himbeergeist (Germany, Switzerland)

野菜(Vegetables)

Vegetables	Name of fermented beverage	Name of distilled beverage
Agave juice	pulque	tequila, mezcal, raicilla
Cassava	Saliva-fermented beverages: cauim chicha: Throughout the Amazon Basin, including the interiors of Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, chicha is made most often with cassava; in Peruvian Amazonia chichia is known as masato. kasiri (Sub-Saharan Africa) nihamanchi (South America) a.k.a. nijimanche (Ecuador and Peru) parakari (Guyana) sakurá (Brazil, Surinam)	tiquira (Brazil)
Ginger root juice	ginger beer (Botswana)
じゃがいも(Potato)	じゃがいもビール（ポテトビール）(potato beer)	ホリルカ(horilka) ウォッカ(vodka) Kartoffelschnaps アクアビット(akvavit) poitín (poteen) tuzemák brennivín
Sugarcane juice, or molasses	basi, betsa-betsa (regional)	rum (Caribbean), rhum agricole (Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe and the rest of the French Caribbean), clairin (Haiti), cachaça (Brazil), Desi daru (India), aguardiente de caña (Spain), aguardiente, guaro, lavagallo, pinga (Venezuela, Colombia, Nicaragua), Mamajuana (Dominican Republic), Gongo, Konyagi (Tanzania), Cocoroco (Bolivia), caña (Argentina, Uruguay), espinillar (Uruguay), caña blanca (Paraguay)
さつまいも(Sweet potato)		shōchū (imojōchū) (Japan), soju (Korea)
Ti root		okolehao (Hawai’i)

その他の原料(Other raw materials)

Other raw materials	Name of fermented beverage	Name of distilled beverage
Sap of palm	coyol wine (Central America), tembo (Sub-Saharan Africa), toddy (Indian subcontinent)
Sap of Arenga pinnata, Coconut, Borassus flabellifer	palm wine	arrack
はちみつ(Honey)	mead, horilka (Ukraine), tej (Ethiopia)	Medica (Croatia), distilled mead, honey-flavored liqueur
乳汁(Milk)	kumis kefir blaand	アルヒ(arkhi)
砂糖(Sugar)	kilju and mead or sima (Finland)	shōchū (kokutō shōchū): made from brown sugar (Japan) or rum
クルミ(Walnuts)		オラホヴァック(Orahovac)